This is part of driving to the vanishing point (convergence point, or limit point) and only driving as far as you can see. This will mean you can always stop before something happens.
Also watching the vanishing point on corners. If it appears to come towards you, the corner is tightening up, if it is moving away from you it is opening up. You can use this to judge if you should be applying maintainance throttle (neither increasing or decreasing throttle) or to apply more throttle out of the bend.
All in roadcraft
I'm pretty sure that I read or was told that your peripheral vision is also better at spotting stuff close proximity. So by looking further down the road and scanning, you focus on whats ahead and leave peripheral vision to spot anything close that needs reacting too.